The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) creates the need to amortize research and experimental expenditures in tax years after December 31, 2021. This article provides an overview of section 174, then dives into the changes, updates, and questions regarding taxpayers and their involvement with Section 174 of the TCJA as of the 2022 tax year.
Signed into law by President Biden in August of 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is intended to lower inflation by investing in various areas that will facilitate growth, promote jobs, and strengthen the American economy.
It has been a tough few years.
Between an unprecedented and painful economic contraction due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent supply-side shocks and inflationary pressures, businesses are eager to find ways to save money and improve their bottom line by any means, while also seeking to innovate to better perform in an ever-increasingly competitive environment. For many businesses, this includes renewed exploration of local, state, and federal incentives to help reduce tax liabilities. For a large number of industries, research and development (R&D) tax credits may provide an effective tool in recouping crucially needed cash spent on developing new or improved products or processes. Better still, many companies can take advantage of both federal and state R&D programs concurrently to enjoy even greater benefits.
The total number of Research and Development (R&D) tax claims increased by 10.54% from 2021-22 on 2020-21 with abuse still rife, Her Majesty's Revenue and Custom (HMRC) priority to tackle dubious claims have seen delays to processing times.
The time to reverse the changes made by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is quickly running out. These changes force companies to begin amortizing research and development expenses over a period of 5 years rather than deduct them entirely in the year in which it was claimed. A measure to help offset the revenue lost from cutting the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the change to I.R.C. section 174 removes the option of a current year deduction in full.
A new court opinion issued by the U.S. Tax Court emphasizes the importance of contract review for the analysis and substantiation of an R&D tax credit claim. The opinion alludes to additional requirements to demonstrate a taxpayer's economic risk when conducting research. Moreover, the court points to precedence to emphasize that terms and conditions within any contract agreement are most important, and no implications or assumptions should be needed or considered to substantiate a credit claim.
This week farmers, growers, or foresters in England will be able to apply for a portion of £8 million in cash grants for project costs that aim to drive the development and demonstration of solutions that have the potential to substantially improve overall productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability and help the sector mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change.
There’s still hope that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act’s (TCJA) changes to Section 174, requiring amortization for research and experimental (R&E) expenses, could be delayed or repealed. Under the TCJA, as of January 1, 2022, domestic R&E expenditures are required to be amortized over 5 years and foreign R&E expenditures over 15 years. Prior to January 1, 2022 taxpayers had been able to write-off 100% of R&E costs.
The new definition of R&E expenditures under Section 174 also includes software development costs. Previously, under Revenue Procedure 2000-50, taxpayers had the option to immediately expense or amortize software development costs over a period of 36 or 60 months. With the TCJA change, these options are no longer available. Domestic software development costs must be amortized over 5 years and foreign software development must be amortized over 15 years.
As a continuing part of its initiative to further international collaborative research, Innovate UK has announced that it will invest up to £2 million in innovation projects in partnership with Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT). The aim is to fund business-led industrial research that leads to a new product, industrial process or service, be innovative, involve a technological risk, and have high market potential in the participating countries.
Research & Development (R&D) Tax Relief Incentives in the UK have been in place for over 22 years, which is comparatively young against jurisdictions such as the US and Canada, which have had their R&D credits in place for over 40 years. In the most recent of years Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC), the UK’s administrating agency, has taken significant steps to improve the scrutiny of R&D tax relief claims made by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and Large Companies to ensure the uptake remains genuine.
