Tax Incentives Blog

Two recent court opinions – Moore v. Commissioner and Little Sandy Coal v. Commissioner – reiterate the pitfalls of claiming the Research & Development (R&D) Tax Credit without sufficient documentation. In both cases, the courts completely disallowed the taxpayers’ R&D tax credit despite recognition that the taxpayers undertook R&D activities and had some level of R&D expenses. The issue was that the taxpayers did not meet their burden of proof to show that all of the activities and associated expenses qualified, and the taxpayers did not provide a reasonable basis for estimating what portion could be properly included.

Now more than ever, recent court precedence has created the need to partner with a firm that understands your industry to maximize Research & Development tax credits. This article explains the result of Little Sandy Coal vs. Commissioner and why it’s important to every organization.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) creates the need to amortize research and experimental expenditures in tax years after December 31, 2021. This article provides an overview of section 174, then dives into the changes, updates, and questions regarding taxpayers and their involvement with Section 174 of the TCJA as of the 2022 tax year.

Signed into law by President Biden in August of 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is intended to lower inflation by investing in various areas that will facilitate growth, promote jobs, and strengthen the American economy. 

Over the past year and a half, the state of Kansas has passed legislation to improve their incentive offerings for new and expanding businesses. The most notable parts of this legislation are the inclusion of remote workforce in incentive program projects, an increase from 6.5% to 10% in the state Research & Development (R&D) credit amount, the removal of training program participation for High Performance Incentive Program (HPIP) participants, and the introduction of a significant benefits package through the Attracting Powerful Economic Expansion (APEX) program.

On August 16th, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) into law, and although there were many provisions, there are a few that stand out for business owners. One of which being that there are additional funds for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). We will explain what this means to taxpayers, specifically ones claiming business tax credits and what they can do to protect themselves from IRS examinations.

The time to reverse the changes made by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is quickly running out. These changes force companies to begin amortizing research and development expenses over a period of 5 years rather than deduct them entirely in the year in which it was claimed. A measure to help offset the revenue lost from cutting the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the change to I.R.C. section 174 removes the option of a current year deduction in full.

A new court opinion issued by the U.S. Tax Court emphasizes the importance of contract review for the analysis and substantiation of an R&D tax credit claim. The opinion alludes to additional requirements to demonstrate a taxpayer's economic risk when conducting research. Moreover, the court points to precedence to emphasize that terms and conditions within any contract agreement are most important, and no implications or assumptions should be needed or considered to substantiate a credit claim.

There’s still hope that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act’s (TCJA) changes to Section 174, requiring amortization for research and experimental (R&E) expenses, could be delayed or repealed. Under the TCJA, as of January 1, 2022, domestic R&E expenditures are required to be amortized over 5 years and foreign R&E expenditures over 15 years. Prior to January 1, 2022 taxpayers had been able to write-off 100% of R&E costs.

The new definition of R&E expenditures under Section 174 also includes software development costs. Previously, under Revenue Procedure 2000-50, taxpayers had the option to immediately expense or amortize software development costs over a period of 36 or 60 months. With the TCJA change, these options are no longer available. Domestic software development costs must be amortized over 5 years and foreign software development must be amortized over 15 years.

For most tax return preparers, the end of the day on October 15^th marks a joyous occasion—the end of a frequently grueling tax filing season and a much-needed reprieve before the cycle begins again in January. Unfortunately, the Service cut the party short in the world of R&D tax credits with its issuance of a new memorandum. This memorandum, published by the Internal Revenue Service Office of Chief Counsel on October 15^th, issued new guidance regarding what required information a taxpayer must now include in its claim for an R&D tax credit.